St.Paul's Cathedral Church

St Paul’s Cathedral is acknowledged as the first Episcopal Church of the eastern world.

It is situated at the southern end of the Maidan, to the eastern side of the majestic Victoria Memorial. It is also close to Rabindra Sadan theatre complex, Nandan ,the Birla Planetarium and The Calcutta Racket Club.


 St. Paul’s Cathedral is 247 feet in length, 81 feet in width and 114 feet at transept. The flagstaff rises to a height of 175 feet above ground level. The St. Paul’s Cathedral took eight years to be built at a whopping cost of Rs. 5 lakhs (Five Hundred Thousand rupees) and was finally consecrated by Bishop Wilson on 8th October 1847. The cathedral’s tower is modeled on the “Bell Harry” tower of Canterbury Cathedral and the cathedral overall resembled England’s Norwich Cathedral with three Gothic stained glass windows and two frescoes in Florentine Renaissance style.

The credit for the exquisite design of the cathedral goes to a military engineer Major William Nairn Forbes, who was assisted by C.K. Robinson.

Jeanne Louise Calment: lived 122 years

Jeanne Louise Calment, the world's longest living person (who died at the age of 122) was born in Arles,france.


Jeanne Calment, born a year before Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone and 14 years before Alexandre Gustave Eiffel built his tower, died in a nursing home in Arles.

 At 122, she was the oldest person whose age had been verified by official documents.

Calment was born in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhone, Southern France on 21 February 1875. Her father, Nicolas Calment (1837/1838 – 28 January 1931), was a shipbuilder, and her mother, Marguerite Gilles (20 February 1838 – 18 September 1924), was from a family

of millers. She had an older brother, Francois (25 April 1865-1 December 1962). 
Some of her close family members also lived an above-average lifespan, although none lived anywhere near as long as Jeanne; her older brother  Francois lived to the age of 97, her father to 93, and her mother to 86.
 In 1896, at the age of 21, she married her double second cousin, Fernand Nicolas Calment (1868–1942). Their paternal grandfathers were brothers, hence the same surname, and their paternal grandmothers were also sisters.

Her husband, 46 when World War I broke out, was too old for military service. His business survived the Depression, but a dessert of spoiled preserved cherries killed him, but not his wife, in 1942.

 Her only daughter died in 1934 at  the age of 36 of pneumonia.   After the death of her daughter Calment raised her grandson, who became a medical doctor and died in 1963 during a car accident.


She met Vincent van Gogh when she was 12 or 13.She received news media attention in 1985, after turning 110.

A documentary film about her life, entitled Beyond 120 Years with Jeanne Calment, was released in 1995. In 1996, Time's Mistress, a four-track CD of Calment speaking over a background of rap, was released. Here is some collection of her photos according to her age.

Jeanne Calment died on 4 August 1997 around 10 am Central European Time of unspecified causes.

117-year-old Nabi Tajima of Japan, born 4 August 1900, is the oldest living person in the world whose age has been documented.

Pontoon Bridge Howrah

All we know about Howrah Bridge that this is the bridge which links two city howrah and kolkata(calcutta),but very few knows that before howrah bridge there was a bridge at the same location ,known as the Pontoon bridge.
here i  describe about  pontoon bridge,how it is made so
"A pontoon bridge is a collection of specialized, shallow draft boats or floats, connected together to cross a river or canal, with a track or deck attached on top. The water buoyancy supports the boats, limiting the maximum load to the total and point buoyancy of the pontoons or boats. The supporting boats or floats can be open or closed, temporary or permanent in installation, and made of rubber, metal, wood, or concrete. The decking may be temporary or permanent, and constructed out of wood, modular metal, or asphalt or concrete over a metal frame".

1855/6 In the view of the increasing traffic across the Hooghly river, a committee was appointed to review alternatives for constructing a bridge across it.1859/60 The plan was shelved
1868 The plan was revived when it was decided that a bridge should be constructed and a newly appointed trust vested to manage it.

1870 The Calcutta Port Trust was founded and the Legislative department of the then Government of Bengal passed the Howrah Bridge Act in the year 1871 under the Bengal Act IX of 1871, empowering the Lieutenant-Governor to have the bridge constructed with Government capital under the aegis of the Port Commissioners.

A contract was signed with Sir Bradford Leslie to construct a pontoon bridge.
1874 The bridge was completed at a total cost of INR2.2 million, and opened to traffic on 17 October of that year. The bridge was then 1,528 ft. long and 62 ft. wide, with 7-foot wide pavements on either side. Initially the bridge was periodically unfastened to allow steamers and other marine vehicles to pass through.


Pontoon bridges have been in use since ancient times and have been used to great advantage in many battles throughout history, among them the Battle of Garigliano, the Battle of Oudenarde, the crossing of the Rhine during World War II, and during the Iran–Iraq War Operation Dawn 8.



As the bridge could not handle the rapidly increasing load, the Port Commissioners started planning in 1905 for a new improved bridge(howrah bridge).

Ram setu

In this topic i am talking about the Ram setu which was built millions of years ago but still now we can see the existence of  this bridge. 
The name Rama's Bridge  refers to the bridge built by the Vanara (ape men) army of Rama in Hindu theology with instructions from Nala.with the help of this bridge he used to reach Lanka and rescue his wife Sita from the Rakshasa king, Ravana.The bridge starts as a chain of shoals from the Dhanushkodi tip of India's Pamban Island and ends at Sri Lanka's Mannar Island.
According to epic Ramayana,this bridge was built more than 1.75 million years ago to assist lord Rama in crossing the indian Ocean to reach sri lanka .Nala(the architecturer) on his part initiated a monumental bridge in the middle of the ocean. Some monkeys were holding poles for measuring the bridge and some others collected the material. Reeds and logs resembling clouds and mountains, brought by hundreds of monkeys, lead by the command of Rama, fastened some parts of the bridge. On the first day, fourteen Yojanas of bridge were constructed by the monkeys speedily. In the same manner, on the second day twenty Yojanas of bridge were constructed.
The bridge is 50 km  long and separates the Gulf of Mannar  from the Palk Strait 

this  bridge made  of floating stones can still  be seen between India  and sri lanka  from Rameshwaram,the place where Lord Rama prayed to Lord Shiva and started the construction  of the bridge .

The bridge was first mentioned in the ancient Indian Sanskrit epic Ramayana of Valmiki.

The bridge starts as a chain of shoals from the Dhanushkodi tip of India's Pamban Island and ends at Sri Lanka's Mannar Island.

Ram Setu is also called as Adam's Bridge, Nala Setu and Setu Banda. Ram Setu as it was built by Rama and his army. It is said Nala Setu because it was Nala who was the architect (designed) the bridge in Ramayana.


The name Adam's Bridge comes from some ancient Islamic texts referring to the Adam's Peak in Sri Lanka (Adam is suppose to fallen in this part of earth).
this picture is captured by NASA.

World's Strangest Building

In this article, i am going to talk about the most strangest buildings in the world.
The architecture’s field has contributed with many man-made structures and huge buildings to challenge nature’s boundless miracles.
 Here, we list some most amazing, strangest buildings in the world.

Mind house

One of the most popular works of the famous architect Gaudi in Barcelona is Park Güell.It is situated in Barcelona,Spain.It was constructed from 1900 to 1914,and was opened in 1926. It was declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 1984.One of these is Park Guell, referred to by some people as the Mind House. This is a public park system sitting on top of the Carmel Hill in Barcelona.

The Crooked House
It was built in in 2004,Located in Sopot, Poland, this commercial building is a popular landmark for tourists and photographers.
It was designed by Szotyńscy & Zaleski, who were inspired by the fairytale illustrations and drawings of Jan Marcin Szancer and Per Dahlberg.

              The local name of the building is Krzywy Domek which translates into English as “Crooked House” and is home to many popular shops, restaurants, and even a radio station.

Stone House 

It is situated in portugal.In portguese it is called Casa do Penedo.

Casa do Penedo is translated in English as House of the Rock 

The engineer who built the Casa do Penedo was from Guimarães

The Flintstones-inspired home was built between four boulders in 1974 by the Rodrigues family as a holiday retreat.

 Lotus Temple 

The Lotus Temple, located in Delhi, India, is a Bahai House of Worship.

The temple was completed in 1986 and is one of the most visited places in the world.

The structure is made up of pure white marble. The Iranian architect Furiburz Sabha chose the lotus as the symbol common to Hinduism, Buddhism,  Bahai Temple Jainism and Islam.

Atomium

The Atomium is a landmark building in Brussels,belgium. it was originally constructed for the 1958 Brussels World's Fair (Expo 58). It is located on the Heysel Plateau, where the exhibition took place.

 Atomium was designed by the engineer Andre Waterkeyn and architects Andre and Jean Polak,it stands 102 m (335 ft) tall. Its nine 18 m (60 ft) diameter stainless steel clad spheres are connected, so that the whole forms the shape of a unit cell of an iron crystal magnified 165 billion times.

 It is now a museum.

Kansas City Library

The Kansas City Public Library is a public system headquartered in the Central Library in Kansas City, Missouri,usa.

It was Founded on December 5, 1873.

The Community Bookshelf (also known as the Library District Parking Garage) is a striking feature of Kansas City's downtown. It runs along

the south wall of the Central Library's parking garage on 10th Street between Wyandotte Street and Baltimore Avenue. The concept of turning the parking garage into a bookshelf was part of an effort on behalf of the community to bring character to the needed  structure.

Scientific Name

• the scientific name of paddy:oryza sativa
• the scientific name of wheat:Triticum aestivum
• the scientific name of maize:Zeamays
• the scientific name of pea:pisum sativum
• the scientific name of masur:Lens culinaris
• the scientific name of jute>
• bitter jute:corchorus
• sweet jute:corchorusoletorius
• the scientific name of cotton:Gossypium arboreum
• the scientific name of sal:shorea robusta
• the scientific name ofcoconut:cocos nucifera
• the scientific name of mustard:Brassica nigram

• the scientific name of honey bee:Apis dorsata
• the scientific name of silk worm:Bombyx mori
• the scientific name of hen:Gallas domesticus

• the scientific name of neem : azadi rachta indica 
• the scientific name of tulsi:ocimum sanctum
• the scientific name of penicillium:penicillium notatium
• the scientific name of Sarpagandha :Rauwolfia serpentina
• the scientific name of cinchona:cinchona succirubra
• the scientific name ofhouse fly:musca domestica
• the scientific name of dog:canis familiaris

knightscope k5 autonomous data machine

Knightscope, Inc. was founded in 2013, and is headquartered in Silicon Valley, California. The goal of Knightscope is to design, build and deploy Autonomous Data Machines (ADMs), which are used to monitor crimes in malls, parking lots, and neighborhoods. 

The K5 Autonomous Data Machine is a robot designed to revolutionize private security and to enhance the crime prevention efforts of local law enforcement. With K5 Betas rolling out this year, Knightscope advertises its innovative machine will help reduce crime in neighborhoods, ensure greater safety in high traffic public spaces, and increase the security of private property.

During its autonomous patrol, if the K5 detects abnormal noise and temperature change, or known criminals, it will alert local authorities.

The K5 model is a bullet-shaped robot that stands about 5 feet tall,three-feet wide and weighing about 300 pounds. It has twin panels of lights about two-thirds of the way up its body. There is also a small silver colored flag of the United States on the left side of its body. 

sensor options
The K5  uses a variety of sensors including video camera, thermal imaging sensors, a laser range finder, radar, air quality sensors and a microphone.

Optical Character Recognition:It scans up to 1,500 license plates per minute. When the K5 detects a license for a known criminal on a "hot list", it will alert the law enforcement force.
Omnidirectional Imaging:The K5 has "360-degree high definition video capture".
Microphones: The K5 has an ambient noise microphone that can capture audio. The range from 80 to 90 decibels is normal. If the sounds suddenly goes beyond 100 decibels, the K5 will notify the local authorities.

Ultrasonic: The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect speed and distance when the robot cruises in an area.
Infrared The K5 uses the infrared light to collect about 90TB of data every day, and the infrared light can function at night.

Lidar: LIDAR stands for Light Detection and Ranging. It emits laser that  sweeps 270-degree to measure the objects and map its surrounding area.
Thermal Imaging: The thermal imaging sensor detects and measures minute temperature differences It can detect objects 24 hours a day.

Multiple K5 and K3 robots are deployed across the United States. Once deployed, they move at about 3 mph in a geo-fenced area and gather real-time on-site data using their sensors.

The captured data includes the license plates, thermal data, and people's movements. Software onboard the robot determines when to alert the community and authorities about the concern

Types of knightscope

Knightscope has four different robot models: the K1, K3, K5 and K7.






The CEO of Knightscope, Inc.,Mr. William Santana Li, , said "Our aim is to cut the crime rate by 50% in a geo-fenced area, which would increase housing values and safety while lowering insurance costs.

south park street cemetery

The Park Street Cemetery was one of the earliest non-church cemeteries in the world, and probably the largest Christian cemetery outside Europe and America in the 19th century. 

South Park Street Cemetery is located on Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, India. The road used  to be called Park Street, and prior to that Burial Ground Road.

 Opened in 1767 on what was previously a marshy area,

The cemetery was in use until about 1830 and is now a heritage site, protected by the Archaeological Survey of India  (ASI).

The cemetery was opened to relieve the pressure on the old burial ground in the heart of the city. The road leading to the cemetery came to be known as the Burial Ground Road but was subsequently renamed Park Street after the park around Vansittart's garden house. By the year 1785 the burial ground had been extended on the northern side of Park Street and by 1840 a vast new cemetery was opened to the east of the Lower Circular Road. The Europeans started to disuse it in the year 1790. It has been confirmed by a marble plaque at the gate which reads "South Park Street, Opened:1767, Closed:1790".   

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (18 April 1809 – 26 December 1831) was an Indian poet and assistant headmaster of Hindu College, kolkata, a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal
Long after Derozio's death (of cholera), his influence lived on among his former students, who came to be known asYoung Bengal and many of whom became prominent in Social Reform, Law, and Journalism.
Derozio died at an early age of 22 on 26th December 1831 in Calcutta due to cholera.

 His body was buried in South Park Cemetery of Kolkata.